The HbA1c test, also known as the Hemoglobin A1c or glycated hemoglobin test, is a blood test that measures the average blood sugar (glucose) levels over the past two to three months. It is a key tool for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes and prediabetes. The test works by measuring the percentage of hemoglobin (a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen) that is coated with sugar. The higher the blood sugar levels, the greater the percentage of glycated hemoglobin. Key uses of the HbA1c test include: 1.Diagnosis of Diabetes and Prediabetes: - An HbA1c level below 5.7% is considered normal. - Levels between 5.7% and 6.4% indicate prediabetes. - Levels of 6.5% or higher on two separate tests confirm a diabetes diagnosis. 2. Monitoring Diabetes Management: - For individuals with diabetes, the HbA1c test helps track how well blood sugar levels are being controlled over time. - The target HbA1c level for most people with diabetes is below 7%, although this may vary based on individual health goals. Advantages of the HbA1c test include its ability to provide a long-term view of blood sugar control, unlike daily glucose tests, which reflect only short-term levels. However, factors such as anemia or certain hemoglobin variants can affect the accuracy of the results. Regular HbA1c testing is crucial for diabetes management, as it helps healthcare providers adjust treatment plans, monitor complications, and improve overall health outcomes. Thyroid Function Tests (TFTs) Thyroid Function Tests (TFTs) are a series of blood tests used to evaluate the health and functionality of the thyroid gland, which plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, energy levels, and overall hormonal balance. These tests help diagnose thyroid disorders, such as hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid nodules.