A hepatitis panel is a group of blood tests used to diagnose and monitor different types of hepatitis, which are viral infections that affect the liver. Hepatitis is primarily caused by five distinct viruses: hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. The hepatitis panel helps identify the specific virus responsible for the infection, determine if a person has been exposed to the virus, if they are currently infected, or if they have developed immunity against it. The test typically measures levels of antibodies and antigens in the blood, as well as viral markers that can indicate ongoing infection. the hepatitis panel may include tests for hepatitis A antibodies (anti-HAV), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis C antibodies (anti-HCV), and other related markers. Hepatitis A is usually self-limiting and is spread through contaminated food or water. Hepatitis B and C are transmitted through blood or bodily fluids, and chronic infections with these viruses can lead to liver damage, cirrhosis, or liver cancer. Hepatitis D can only occur in individuals already infected with hepatitis B, while hepatitis E is rare and typically transmitted through contaminated drinking water. A hepatitis panel is often recommended for individuals who may be at risk of hepatitis due to exposure to contaminated blood or needles, unsafe sexual practices, or a history of liver disease. It is also used to assess the health of individuals with symptoms such as jaundice, abdominal pain, or fatigue. Knowing the type of hepatitis a person has allows healthcare providers to recommend appropriate treatment and management strategies. For example, chronic hepatitis B or C may require antiviral medications to control the virus and prevent complications. Regular testing and early diagnosis are crucial in preventing the progression of liver disease.