Liver Function Tests (LFTs) are a group of blood tests that help assess the overall health of the liver and evaluate how well it is functioning. These tests measure the levels of various enzymes, proteins, and substances in the blood that are produced or processed by the liver. LFTs are often used to diagnose liver diseases, monitor existing liver conditions, and track the effects of certain medications or treatments on liver function. The key components of LFTs include: 1. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT): An enzyme found primarily in the liver, ALT levels rise when liver cells are damaged. High ALT levels often indicate liver injury due to conditions such as hepatitis, fatty liver disease, or alcohol abuse. 2. Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST): Like ALT, AST is an enzyme released into the bloodstream when liver cells are damaged. While elevated AST can also suggest liver damage, it may indicate other conditions, such as muscle damage or heart problems. 3. Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP): This enzyme is found in the liver, bones, and bile ducts. High ALP levels can suggest liver disease, bile duct obstruction, or bone disorders. 4. Bilirubin: A waste product from the breakdown of red blood cells, bilirubin is processed by the liver. Elevated bilirubin levels can lead to jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) and indicate liver dysfunction, bile duct obstruction, or hemolytic anemia. 5. Albumin and Total Protein: These proteins are produced by the liver and are essential for maintaining blood volume and pressure. Low levels may indicate liver disease or malnutrition. Abnormal LFT results can signal liver diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver cancer, or fatty liver disease. These tests, along with imaging studies and clinical symptoms, help healthcare providers diagnose liver conditions, determine their severity, and guide treatment plans.